Phototoxicity is a reaction in which the combination of certain chemicals in medicines and UV radiation from the sun can cause cell damage, leading to a skin rash that looks like severe sunburn. It is important to know which medicines can cause this reaction and how you can protect yourself from it.
Medicinal products that may cause phototoxic reactions: A wide range of medicines and care products can lead to phototoxic reactions. Here are some examples:
- Antibiotics: Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin
- Inflammation inhibitors: Ketoprofen, Piroxicam
- Fluid-distinguishers: Dydrochlorothiazide, Furosemide
- Antidepressants: Fluoxetine
- Cardiovascular disease medication: Aniodarone
- Antifungals: Terbinafine
- Anticancer agents: Flutamide
- Antipsychotics: Chlorpromazine
- Herbs and essential oils: St John's wort, bergamot, some acne medicines
The package leaflet of these medicines usually lists the risk of phototoxicity, so it is essential to always read the package leaflet before you take the medicine.
Symptoms of phototoxic reactions: Symptoms range from mild to severe:
- Severe rash or sunburn, often without itching
- Potential for blistering
- Hyperpigmentation of the skin, where the skin may discolour for long periods of time
Protection against phototoxicity: To prevent phototoxic reactions, especially if you are taking medicines that may present this risk, follow these guidelines:
- Avoid direct exposure to the sun, especially during peak hours of solar radiation.
- Wear protective clothing such as long sleeves, hat and sunglasses.
- Use a high protection sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) that protects against both UVB and UVA rays.
- Stay out of the sun during the most intense hours (usually between 10:00 and 16:00).
Risk of skin cancer:
Research has shown that long-term use of phototoxic medicines can increase the risk of skin cancer. Therefore, it is important to regularly check your skin and show suspicious spots to your doctor.
Although phototoxicity may have potentially serious consequences, it is not necessary to avoid medications you need. By being aware of the risks and taking appropriate precautions, you can enjoy the benefits of medication without unwanted side effects from sunlight.
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