Symptoms of Hypothermia
When the body cools down, there is gradual physical and mental loss of power. Initially, the body tries to maintain normal body heat by means of protective mechanisms such as shivering. However, over time these mechanisms can lead to extremely low heart rate, breathing and even suspended death.
There are three stages of hypothermia:
- Light hypothermia (34°C): Heavy shivering, pale and cold skin, accelerated heart rate and breathing. Consciousness remains normal, but fatigue and cold complaints are experienced.
- Severe hypothermia (31-33°C): Decreased shivering, muscles and joints stiffening, blue colouration of the skin, delayed heart rate and breathing. Awareness decreases with symptoms such as extreme fatigue, delayed reactions and poor judgment.
- Critical Hypothermia (below 31°C): Extremely delayed heart rate and breathing, evolving towards coma and complete loss of consciousness.
Causes and Risk Factors
Hypothermia may occur after prolonged exposure to low temperatures or for short periods under extremely cold conditions. Risk groups include:
- Elderly: Slow adaptation to cold, reduced ability to feel temperature drop, and mobility problems.
- Babies: Larger risk due to a relatively larger body surface area and incompletely developed mechanisms to maintain body temperature.
- Homeless people: Increased risk, especially in winter and when using drugs or alcohol.
- Exposure to Colder Environments: Mountain climbers, hikers, and water sportsmen who are insufficiently dressed also run a risk, especially if they get involved in an accident in cold environments.
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