Key risk factors for falls in the elderly:

1. Balanced disorders, muscular strength, movement and/or mobility: These factors affect the postural control required for daily movements. A training program accompanied by a healthcare professional can help, both individually and in group.
2. Cognitive disorders: Dementia, delirium and depression increase the risk of falling. Treatment of these disorders is important but not always possible. Fall prevention strategies should be adapted to elderly with cognitive impairments.
3. Visual impairment: Regular eye checks, use of custom glasses and environmental adjustments can reduce the risk.
4. A low blood pressure or a sudden fall in blood pressure upon recuperation (orthostatic hypotension): Discuss dizziness with the GP, avoid rapid changes in body position and take sufficient moisture and salt.
5. Valangst: Exercise programs and activities such as Tai Chi can reduce anxiety, but long-term effects are not always proven.
6. Pain: Treatment of pain symptoms, including foot problems, may reduce the risk of falling.
7. Urinary incontinence: Treatment of underlying factors such as urinary tract infections and use of a toilet seat can help.
8. Low vitamin D content: Supplements are recommended for vulnerable elderly and deprived elderly.
9. Risk behaviour: Risky behaviour in daily activities increases the risk of falling.
10. High age: Ageing increases the risk of falling due to physical deterioration and multimorbidity.
11. Fall history: Elderly people who have fallen before are at higher risk of falling again.
12. Medicine: Discuss medication use with the GP to reduce the risk of falling.
13. Insecure environment: Remove obstacles and make the environment safer, for example by providing good lighting and firm handles.
14. Unadapted footwear: Wear shoes with a sturdy, flat sole and avoid high heels.
15. Underweight (low BMI): A low BMI may increase the risk of falling due to decreased muscle strength and osteoporosis.
16. Sleep disorders: Treat underlying causes of sleep disorders to reduce the risk of falling.
17. Osteoporosis Low bone density increases the risk of fall fractures.
18. Alcohol: Limit alcohol consumption due to possible negative effects on cognition and balance, although it is not considered as a prominent risk factor according to the guidelines.

Identifying and addressing these risk factors may significantly reduce the risk of falling in the elderly.