Causes:
- Damage to the brain, such as lack of oxygen at birth, infections or accidents.
- Other diseases such as metabolic disease or tuberous sclerosis.
- Genetic abnormalities, although the role of inheritance is not fully understood.
- In one third of the children, the cause is unknown.
Symptoms:
- Different types of attacks, including tonic, atonic, absentence and myoclonic seizures.
- Many children are already lagging behind in their development before epilepsy attacks begin.
- Behavioral problems such as rapid anger, irritability, restlessness and withdrawn behaviour.
- Increased risk of developing psychoses.
Treatment:
- The syndrome is unhealable, but seizure control can be improved with antiepileptic medication.
- A ketogenic diet can help to reduce seizures.
- Sometimes the vagus nerve is stimulated, but this has no effect in most children.
- Epilepsy surgery may be considered, such as a corpus callostomy to prevent the spread of seizures. Unfortunately, seizures return in most children over time.
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome is a challenging condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach to control symptoms and improve the quality of life of affected children.
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