Hypothermia: A Risk that cannot be Ignored
Hypothermia or hypothermia occurs when the normal body defence mechanism becomes deregulated from cold. The'central'body temperature drops below 35°C, which can cause life-threatening reactions. Hypothermia may occur acutely or gradually over several hours or days. To understand this phenomenon, the body can be compared to an onion consisting of different layers that provide protection against temperature fluctuations.
In the brain there is a thermostat that maintains the core temperature around 37°C. In an increase in body temperature, the body tries to drain excess heat quickly, while in a decrease due to muscle contractions or hormones it increases metabolism, which means more energy is consumed and heat released.
Body movement is another way to produce heat. About three quarters of the energy used during exercise is converted into heat.
Special precautions for Sporters
However, sportsmen also have to be careful about hypothermia, especially after exercising in cold environments. The'feeling temperature', influenced by wind speed, plays a role. A low outdoor temperature combined with wind and wind-permeable clothing, can make sure that the heat produced during sport is insufficient.
In slow sports such as walking, protection against cold and wind is crucial, especially for children who produce low body heat and lose relatively more heat. Children also have more skin surface area in relation to body volume, which causes them to lose more heat, especially through the head.
Alarm signals and precautions
The effects of hypothermia vary depending on severity. Alarm phases include defense, exhaustion phase and paralysis phase. Precautionary precautions include listening to weather reports, adjusting equipment, avoiding excessive sweating, no drinking alcohol, adapted diet and extra attention for children's clothing.
In case of hypothermia, avoiding further cooling is essential. Wet clothing should be replaced by dry if possible. Slow warming is necessary to prevent heart rhythm disorders. In severe cases medical attention should be sought.
Sports in winter offers many advantages, but awareness of hypothermia is crucial. With the right precautions, athletes can safely enjoy winter activities.
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